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Level AAAWCAG 2.0

2.3.2 Three Flashes

Web pages do not contain anything that flashes more than three times in any one-second period.

Last reviewed: September 9, 2026

Understanding 2.3.2

This AAA-level criterion tightens 2.3.1 by removing the 'below threshold' exception entirely. Content simply must not flash more than three times in any one-second period, regardless of flash size, color, or contrast, providing stricter protection for photosensitive users against seizure risk.

How to Meet It

Ensure no content on the page, including animations, video, canvas or WebGL effects, or rapidly cycling images, flashes more than three times in any one-second period under any circumstances. Since there is no threshold exception at this level, the only reliable way to meet it is to eliminate any content with a flash rate above three per second.

Frequently Asked Questions

How is this different from 2.3.1 Three Flashes or Below Threshold?

2.3.1 (Level A) allows flashing above three times per second if the flashing area and contrast fall below the defined general and red flash thresholds. 2.3.2 (Level AAA) removes that allowance completely: any flash rate above three per second fails, regardless of how small or subtle the flash is.

Related Success Criteria

2.3.1 Three Flashes or Below Threshold2.3.3 Animation from Interactions

Quick Facts

  • Criterion2.3.2
  • LevelAAA
  • IntroducedWCAG 2.0

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